Signs of Depression in Adults and How Counselling Helps

Depression is more than a bad week. It is a persistent low mood or loss of interest that lasts at least two weeks and affects how you think, sleep, eat, work and relate to others. Common signs include feeling empty or hopeless, losing interest in things you used to enjoy, changes in sleep and appetite, low energy, trouble concentrating, and harsh self-criticism. Depression is common and very treatable. Counselling, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and sometimes medication, help most people feel better.

Common signs of depression

Mood and thoughts:

• Feeling sad, empty, numb or hopeless most of the day
• Losing interest or pleasure in activities and people
• Guilt, worthlessness or harsh self-criticism
• Trouble concentrating, remembering or making decisions
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Body and behaviour:

• Sleeping much more or much less than usual
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Fatigue and low energy, even after rest
• Moving or speaking more slowly, or feeling restless
• Withdrawing from friends, family and responsibilities

Depression can look different

• In men, it may show up as irritability, anger, overworking, drinking or risk-taking. See men’s mental health counselling.
• In some cultures, people describe depression mainly through physical symptoms, such as headaches, stomach problems or exhaustion.
• After childbirth, depression can affect new mothers and fathers.
• In older adults, it may look like withdrawal, memory problems or loss of motivation.

Sadness vs depression

Sadness is a normal response to loss or disappointment and usually eases with time and support. Depression lasts longer, feels heavier and makes everyday functioning hard. If you are not sure, a mental health assessment or a visit to your doctor can help.

What causes depression?

There is rarely one cause. Common contributors include:

• Stressful life events, such as loss, divorce, job loss or migration
• Long-term stress, burnout or loneliness
• Trauma, past or recent
• Physical health problems, chronic pain and some medications
• Family history and biology
• Substance use

Treatment options

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): helps you notice and shift patterns of thinking and behaviour that keep low mood going. See CBT therapy in Edmonton.
• Behavioural activation: gradually rebuilding activities that bring pleasure and purpose.
• Other talk therapies: interpersonal, mindfulness-based and trauma-focused approaches.
• Medication: antidepressants, prescribed by a doctor, can help, especially for moderate to severe depression. Many people combine medication with counselling.

Things that help day to day

1. Keep a simple daily routine, including a regular wake-up time
2. Move your body, even a short walk
3. Get daylight, especially during Edmonton winters
4. Stay in touch with at least one supportive person
5. Break tasks into small steps and notice what you do get done
6. Limit alcohol, which worsens mood and sleep

Getting help in Edmonton

At Disha, depression therapy is available in person in South Edmonton or online across Alberta, in English, Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and Nepali. NIHB, IFHP, insurance direct billing and a sliding scale can make counselling affordable.

If you are thinking about suicide or are in crisis, call or text 9-8-8, call 911, or call Access 24/7 at 780-424-2424.

Frequently asked questions

How do I know if I have depression?

If low mood or loss of interest lasts more than two weeks and affects daily life, talk to your doctor or a counsellor. Only a qualified professional can diagnose depression.

Can counselling help depression without medication?

Yes. For mild to moderate depression, therapies such as CBT can be very effective on their own. For more severe depression, a combination of counselling and medication often works best.

How long does depression treatment take?

Many people notice improvement within 8 to 16 sessions of CBT, but it varies.

Can depression come back?

It can. Counselling helps you recognize early warning signs and build a plan to stay well.

What if I cannot afford counselling?

Ask about NIHB, IFHP, workplace programs and our sliding scale for low income or hardship.

Reviewed by Mukesh Mishra, MSW, RCSW, Registered Clinical Social Worker and ACSW-approved RCSW supervisor at Disha Counselling & Wellness Centre. This article is general information and is not a substitute for individual professional advice.